Calcificaciones pulmonares metastásicas, 3 casos clínicos / Metastatic pulmonary calcifications: three clinical cases

Las calcificaciones pulmonares metastásicas, hacen referencia a una enfermedad metabólica, caracterizada por depósitos de calcio en tejido pulmonar sano. La etiología es amplia e incluye enfermedades malignas y benignas, siendo la falla renal la causa más frecuente. Es una condición, que, a pesar de ser frecuente, suele ser subdiagnosticada, por presentar pocos o ningún síntoma. Presentamos tres casos clínicos asociados a enfermedad renal crónica, pre y post trasplante.

Metastatic pulmonary calcifications refer to a metabolic disease, characterized by calcium deposits in healthy lung tissue. The etiology is broad and includes malignant and benign diseases, the kidney failure being the most frequent cause. It is a condition, which, despite being frequent, is usually underdiagnosed, because it presents few or no symptoms. We present three clinical cases associated with pre- and post-transplant kidney disease.

Enzootic calcinosis in sheep in Uruguay: a brief review and report of two outbreaks / Calcinose enzoótica em ovinos no Uruguai: revisão de literatura e descrição de dois surtos

This study aimed to do a brief review of enzootic calcinosis in sheep and to report two outbreaks of Nierembergia rivularis poisoning in sheep in Uruguay. The outbreaks occurred in farms located on an island (Outbreak A) and on the border (Outbreak B) of the Rincón del Bonete lake. Sheep of all ages were affected, with the exception of suckling lambs. The first clinical signs occurred in early October, and deaths occurred from December to February. Outbreaks A and B had morbidity of 10%, and the mortality was 7.2% and 2.8% in Outbreaks A and B, respectively. The clinical signs included weight loss, retracted abdomen, stiff gait, and kyphosis. An autopsy was performed on one sheep from each outbreak. Pulmonary and arterial calcification, nephrocalcinosis, and osteopetrosis were observed in gross and microscopic examination in both sheep. Thyroid C-cell hyperplasia and carcinoma was observed in sheep A. Sheep B showed thyroid C-cell hyperplasia and parathyroid chief cell atrophy. The parathyroid was not examined in the sheep from Outbreak A. The differential diagnosis of enzootic calcinosis in southern South America should consider four toxic plants in the Solanaceae family: Solanum glaucophyllum, Solanum stuckertii, Nierembergia veitchii, and Nierembergia rivularis.(AU)

Este trabalho faz uma breve revisão da calcinose enzoótica em ovinos e descreve dois surtos de intoxicação por Nierembergia rivularis em ovinos no Uruguai. Os surtos ocorreram em propriedades localizadas em uma ilha (Surto A), e nas margens (Surto B) do lago do Rincón del Bonete. Foram afetados ovinos de todas as idades, exceto cordeiros lactentes. Os primeiros sinais clínicos ocorreram no início de outubro e as mortes de dezembro a fevereiro. Morbidade de 10% foi observada nos Surtos A e B. A mortalidade foi de 7,2% e 2,8% nos Surtos A e B, respectivamente. Os sinais clínicos incluíram perda de peso, abdômen retraído, marcha rígida e cifose. Foram necropsiados um animal de cada rebanho. Observou-se mineralização arterial e pulmonar, nefrocalcinose e osteopetrose no exame macroscópico e histológico dos dois ovinos. Hiperplasia e carcinoma de células C da tireoide foram observados no ovino A. O ovino B apresentou hiperplasia de células C da tireoide e atrofia das células principais da paratireoide. As paratireoides do ovino A não foram examinadas. O diagnóstico diferencial da calcinose enzoótica no Sul da América do Sul deve considerar quatro plantas calcinogênicas da família Solanaceae: Solanum glaucophyllum, Solanum stuckertii, Nierembergia veitchii e Nierembergia rivularis.(AU)

Tendinopatía cálcica: etiopatogenia y evaluación por imágenes / Calcific tendinitis: aetiopathogenesis and imaging evaluation

Resumen: La tendinopatía cálcica es causada por el depósito patológico de cristales de hidroxiapatita de calcio en los tendones y es una causa común de dolor en las articulaciones. Afecta más frecuentemente al hombro y la cadera, con hallazgos característicos en imágenes; sin embargo, cualquier tendón puede estar involucrado. Ocasionalmente, la tendinopatía cálcica puede simular patología agresiva, como infección o neoplasia, especialmente en RM. Fisiotpatológicamente, las calcificaciones provendrían de una diferenciación anormal de las células madre del tendón, que comienzan a producir calcio, aunque todavía no es del todo claro. Los radiólogos deben estar familiarizados con los hallazgos de las imágenes para distinguir la tendinopatía cálcica de procesos más agresivos. La aspiración y lavado guiado bajo ecografía es una técnica útil realizada por el radiólogo para el tratamiento de casos sintomáticos. La familiaridad con estos procedimientos y su apariencia en imágenes es un aspecto importante en el manejo de esta enfermedad. El propósito de esta revisión es analizar la etiopatogenia de la tendinopatía cálcica, la evaluación con imágenes en los sitios de presentación más comunes y también en los menos frecuentes, así como el papel que desempeña la ecografía en el tratamiento de la patología.

Abstract: Calcific tendinitis is caused by abnormal deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in tendons and is a common cause of joint pain. The disease typically affects the shoulder and hip, with characteristic imaging findings; however, any tendon can be involved. Occasionally, calcific tendinitis can mimic aggressive disorders, such as infection and neoplasm, especially on MRI. Apparently, the calcifications come from an abnormal differentiation of the tendon stem cells, which begin to produce calcium. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging findings to distinguish calcific tendinitis from more aggressive processes. Image-guided percutaneous needle aspiration is a useful technique performed by the radiologist for the treatment of symptomatic cases. Being familiar with these processes and their imaging appearance is an important aspect in the management of this common disease. The purpose of this review is to analyze the pathogenesis of calcium tendinopathy, the evaluation of images in both the most common and less frequent presentation sites, as well as the role played by ultrasound in the treatment of pathology.

Condromatosis Sinovial Primaria de la Articulación Temporomandibular con Extensión a Hueso Temporal. Reporte de un Caso y Revisión de la Literatura / Primary Synovial Chondromatosis of the Temporomandibular Joint with Temporal Bone Extension. Case Report and Literature Review

RESUMEN: La condromatosis sinovial (CS), es una lesión benigna poco frecuente y de clínica bastante inespecífica. Suele afectar articulaciones de huesos largos como la rodilla, el codo y la cadera, presentándose generalmente de manera unilateral. Se cree que solo un 3 % de los casos de CS afecta la articulación temporomandibular. Esta condición se caracteriza por ser un trastorno metaplásico del tejido conectivo sinovial que suele manifestarse con la formación de pequeños y múltiples nódulos de cartílago que posteriormente pueden desprenderse, calcificarse y formar cuerpos libres dentro del espacio articular. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 55 años con condromatosis sinovial de la articulación temporomandibular, tratada desde hace 3 años bajo el diagnóstico de desórdenes temporomandibulares. A pesar de ser considerada una lesión de tipo benigna, esta puede llegar a ser localmente agresiva, extendiéndose como en nuestro reporte hacia la fosa craneal media, adelgazando parte del hueso temporal.

ABSTRACT: Synovial chondromatosis (CS) is a benign lesion that is rare and clinically quite nonspecific. It usually affects the joints of long bones such as the knee, elbow and hip, usually occurring unilaterally. It is believed that in only 3 % of cases of CS the temporomandibular joint. This is a condition its characterized by being a metaplastic synovial connective tissue that manifests itself with the formation of small and multiple cartridges that detach, calcify and form free bodies within the joint space. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint, treated for 3 years under the diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders. Despite being considered a benign lesion, this can become locally aggressive, extending as in our report to the cranial fossa, thinning part of the temporal bone.

Graft Calcification Caused by a Torsion of the Hepatic Vein after a Living-Related Donor Liver Transplantation

Abstract: The torsion of vessels after liver transplantation rarely occurs. Likewise, calcification of a liver graft has seldom been reported. This report details a case which had torsion of the left hepatic vein on the seventh day after living-related donor liver transplantation. The torsion was reduced soon after re-exploration; however, congestion with partial necrosis of the graft occurred. On the follow-up imaging studies, some resolution of necrosis and graft regeneration were found, yet geographic calcification of the liver graft appeared. The patient died of pneumonia after 13 weeks, post-operation. The avoidance such torsion of vessels is necessary and important.(AU)

Calcinosis tumoral en septum nasal en un paciente con insuficiencia renal crónica dializado. Presentación de un caso / Tumoral calcinosis in nasal septum in a patient with chronic renal failure in dialysis. Presentation of a case

Los trastornos metabólicos ocasionados por la insuficiencia renal y la diálisis para su tratamiento pueden conducir a la precipitación de sales de fosfato cálcico con la consecuente formación de tumores en diversas localizaciones. Estos pueden ser únicos o múltiples, pudiendo ocasionar obstrucción y compresión de distintas estructuras anatómicas con la consecuente alteración funcional. Si bien el manejo clínico de las alteraciones antes citadas es fundamental, la cirugía adquiere relevancia en estas situaciones. Se presenta un caso de Calcinosis Tumoral única ubicada en el tercio anterior del septum nasal, ocasionando obstrucción de la fosa nasal. La tomografía computada orientó el diagnóstico y la resección tumoral completa por vía nasal fue el tratamiento elegido. El informe de anatomía patológica confirma el diagnóstico de Calcinosis Tumoral. A los nueve meses de seguimiento en el postoperatorio no se evidencia recidiva.

Metabolic disorders caused by chronic renal failure and dialysis for its treatment can lead to the precipitation of calcium phosphate salts with the consequent formation of tumors in various locations. These can be single or multiple, and may cause obstruction and compression of different anatomical structures with consequent functional alteration. Although the clinical management of the above mentioned alterations is fundamental, the surgery acquires relevance in these situations. We present a case of unique tumoral calcinosis located in the anterior third of the nasal septum, causing obstruction of the nasal fossa. Computed tomography guided diagnosis and complete tumor resection by nasal route was the treatment chosen. The pathological anatomy report confirms the diagnosis of tumor calcinosis. At nine months post-operative follow-up there was no evidence of tumor recurrence.

Microcalcificaciones cerebrales en un recién nacido con tuberculosis congénita / Cerebral microcalcifications in a newborn with congenital tuberculosis

La tuberculosis es un problema grave de salud pública a nivel mundial. La Organización Mundial de la Salud estimaba que en el 2012 se habían presentado 8,6 millones de casos nuevos y 1,3 millones de muertes a causa de la enfermedad. En Colombia, la incidencia en 2011 fue de 24 casos por 100.000 habitantes. No hay información sobre la tuberculosis en las mujeres gestantes y la infección congénita se considera una enfermedad rara, de difícil diagnóstico, que genera alta mortalidad y puede confundirse con la adquirida después del nacimiento. La tuberculosis se ha relacionado con la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en madres y neonatos. Por otra parte, los casos de sífilis congénita han aumentado en el mundo y, en Colombia, la prevalencia es de 2,5 casos por 1.000 nacimientos, en tanto que, en el Instituto Materno Infantil-Hospital La Victoria, la frecuencia es de un caso por 57 nacimientos. Se presenta el caso de un recién nacido en tratamiento para sífilis congénita que presentó microcalcificaciones detectadas en una ecografía transfontanelar, lo que alertó sobre la existencia de otro agente infeccioso. La prueba de PCR fue negativa para citomegalovirus, así como los títulos de IgM para toxoplasma, rubéola y herpes I y II. Dado el antecedente de un tratamiento incompleto para tuberculosis en la mujer gestante, se sospechó la presencia de infección por el bacilo de la tuberculosis. No se encontraron bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes en tres muestras de jugo gástrico, y la prueba de PCR-IS 6110 fue positiva en líquido cefalorraquídeo y en orina, pero no en sangre. El recién nacido recibió tratamiento con penicilina cristalina durante 10 días, así como con isoniacida, rifampicina, pirazinamida y estreptomicina. Actualmente se le hace seguimiento clínico.

Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem worldwide. In 2012, the World Health Organization estimated 8.6 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths due to the disease. In 2011, the incidence in Colombia was 24 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. There is little information about tuberculosis in pregnant women, and congenital infection is considered a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose, leads to high mortality, and may be confused with tuberculosis acquired after birth. In addition, it has been associated with HIV infection in mothers and infants. Moreover, there is increasing incidence of congenital syphilis in the world. In Colombia, the prevalence is 2.5 cases per 1,000 births and its frequency in the Instituto Materno Infantil-Hospital La Victoria is one case per 57 births. We report the case of a newborn under treatment for congenital syphilis and in whom microcalcifications were found in a transfontanelar ultrasound. This finding warned about the existence of another infectious agent. PCR was negative for cytomegalovirus, and IgM titers for toxoplasma, rubella and herpes I and II were also negative. After learning about a history of incomplete treatment for tuberculosis in the mother, we suspected the presence of an infection by the tubercle bacillus in the newborn. No acid-fast bacilli were demonstrated in three gastric juice samples. The IS 6110 PCR assay was found positive in cerebrospinal fluid and urine, but not in blood. The newborn was treated with crystalline penicillin for 10 days along with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and streptomycin. The patient is currently under clinical monitoring.

Calcinosis pseudotumoral en esclerodermia / Pseudotumoral calcinosis in systemic sclerosis

La calcinosis es una manifestación frecuente en la esclerodermia sistémica. Sin embargo, la calcinosis pseudotumoral es de presentación excepcional. Las radiografías o tomografía axial computada son de utilidad para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento. Aunque no existe un tratamiento estandarizado efectivo, la remoción quirúrgica de las lesiones sintomáticas y algunos fármacos son útiles en algunos enfermos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 23 años con esclerodermia sistémica variedad limitada que desarrolló múltiples lesiones pseudotumorales.

Soft tissue calcinosis is a common cutaneous manifestation in systemic sclerosis. However, pseudotumoral calcinosis is rare. Radiographs or computed tomography are useful tools to diagnose and assess this condition. Although no treatment was uniformly effective, surgical excision of symptomatic lesions and medical treatment provided benefit for some patients. We report here a case of a 23 year old woman, suffering from limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, who developed many pseudo tumoural calcinosis lesions.

Ancient schwannoma of vagus nerve mimicking hamartoma.

Schwannomas arising from vagus nerve sheath are rare mediastinal neurogenic tumours. Schwannomas usually arise from left hemithorax. Unlike a hamartoma, radiologically, calcification is rarely seen in schwannomas. We present the rare case of an ancient schwannoma arising from vagus nerve sheath from the right hemithorax presenting with gross calcification.

Embarazo abdominal calcificado con 44 años de evolución / Calcified abdominal pregnancy with 44 years of evolution

Lithopedion (litho = piedra, pedion = niño), es el término utilizado para describir un feto intrabdominal calcificado. Es un evento raro, con aproximadamente 300 casos descritos en la literatura internacional. Este artículo trata del caso de una mujer de 84 años con dolor abdominal, donde se evidenció en el examen físico, una masa abdominal de consistencia pétrea, con dimensiones de 23 cm de altura y 32 cm de longitud. El examen radiológico del abdomen reveló la presencia de imagen de densidad ósea, sugiriendo la existencia de un feto abdominal calcificado. La tomografía computarizada confirmó tratarse de un litoquelifopedion de 29-30 semanas, con aproximadamente 44 años de evolución.

Lithopedion (litho = stone, pedion = child) is the term used to describe an intra-abdominal calcified fetus. In the international literature, about 300 cases were described. In this case, an 84-year old woman was admitted with abdominal pain and the abdominal physical examination showed a mass with hard consistency with 23 cm height and 32 cm width. The abdominal x-ray examination showed the presence of bone density image suggesting an intra-abdominal calcified fetus. The computer tomography confirmed that it was a litoquelifopedion of 29-30 weeks of pregnancy and with about 44 years of evolution.

Growing Heterotopic Calcification in the Prevertebral Space of a Cervical Spine as a Late Complication of Irradiation: Case Report

Heterotopic calcification following head and neck irradiation has rarely been reported. It usually develops as a late complication of radiotherapy in patients with malignancies, including breast cancer, lymphoma, and genitourinary malignancies. The occurrence of heterotopic calcification in the prevertebral space of the cervical spine has not been described as a late complication of irradiation. Here, we report a case of prevertebral heterotopic calcification in a patient with history of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for tonsil cancer 21 years ago.

Calcificaciones pulmonares metastásicas en un trasplantado renal con un injerto con función renal adecuada: Caso clínico / Metastatic pulmonary calcification in a patient with a functioning kidney allograft: Report of one case

In renal transplants patients, metastatic pulmonary calcifications have been reported occasionally when the grafts are dysfunctional and rarely when they are functioning normally. We report a male who received a renal allograft in 1994 at the age of 61 years. Nineteen years later a routine chest X ray showed diffuse infiltrates and a CT scan showed diffuse calcifications in both lungs. These were interpreted as metastatic pulmonary calcifications. The last available laboratory determinations were a serum creatinine of 1.4 mg/dl and urinary protein excretion of 255 mg/24 hours. No further studies were done since the patient experienced a sudden death due to an acute myocardial infarction.

Atualização na terapêutica da calcinose em dermatomiosite / Update on the treatment of calcinosis in dermatomyositis

Calcinose é uma afecção do tecido conjuntivo classificada em quatro tipos: metastática, idiopática, iatrogênica e distrófica. Esta última é o que acontece, por exemplo, em dermatomiosite, principalmente na forma juvenil, e é caracterizada por uma deposição anormal de sais de cálcio em pele afetada, tecidos subcutâneos, músculos ou tendões, sendo os níveis séricos de cálcio e fósforo normais. O tratamento da calcinose em dermatomiosite continua sendo um desafio, havendo poucas descrições na literatura, de pouca evidência científica. Não se apresenta, até o momento, nenhuma terapia altamente eficaz no combate e resolução dessa comorbidade. No presente trabalho, abordamos o conceito de calcinose, particularmente em dermatomiosite, assim como o seu tratamento descrito na literatura.

Calcinosis is a connective tissue disorder classified into the following four types: metastatic; idiopathic; iatrogenic and dystrophic. Dystrophic calcinosis can occur, for example, in dermatomyositis, mainly in juvenile dermatomyositis, and is characterized by an abnormal deposition of calcium salts in affected skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscles or tendons, with normal serum levels of calcium and phosphate. The treatment of calcinosis in dermatomyositis remains a challenge, with few descriptions in the literature of low scientific evidence. So far, no therapy has proved to be highly effective in the combat and resolution of that comorbidity. The present study discusses the concept of calcinosis, particularly in dermatomyositis, as well as its treatment described in the literature.

Ophthalmic findings among Jordanian patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis at Prince Ali Military Hospital in the south of Jordan

To characterize the ocular and peri-ocular findings in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis at Prince Ali Bin Al- Hussein Military Hospital. This is a descriptive study. Data were collected from patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis from June 2012 till January 2013. The medical files were reviewed to report medical, surgical and ophthalmic history of all candidate patients. All patients underwent full ophthalmic examination on day one of recruitment. Forty-four patients [87 eyes] were reported. Mean age was 56.9 years [56.9 +/- 12.5]. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Aetiologies of chronic renal failure were: Hypertension [n=17, 39%], glomerulonephritis [n=13, 30%], and diabetes mellitus [n=10, 23%]. Some other aetiologies were also found like: Small kidney [n=4, 9%], renal stones [n=2, 5%], polycystic kidney [n=2, 5%], familial [n=2, 5%] and analgesic nephropathy [n=1, 2%]. Ocular findings were seen in 75 eyes [86%], including lid edema [n=66, 76%] conjunctival congestion [n=54, 62%], cataract [n=47, 54%], and dry eye [n=44, 51%]. Ocular and peri-ocular findings were frequent in chronic renal failure patients who were undergoing hemodialysis, which urges regular ophthalmic examination to detect and treat sight threatening complications early.

Frequência elevada de calcinose em dermatomiosite juvenil: estudo de fatores de risco / High frequency of calcinosis in juvenile dermatomyositis: a risk factor study

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência de calcinose em pacientes com dermatomiosite juvenil, bem como estudar possíveis fatores de risco para essa manifestação. MÉTODOS: Revisão de prontuários de 34 pacientes, com ênfase nas características demográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais, tipo de tratamento e adesão, tipo de evolução (monocíclico, crônico e policíclico) e gravidade da doença. Os pacientes foram separados em grupos: aqueles que desenvolveram calcinose (até o sexto mês de acompanhamento ambulatorial e após seis meses de acompanhamento) e os que não desenvolveram calcinose. Vinte e sete pacientes fizeram dois exames de capilaroscopia periungueal (CPU), os quais foram considerados alterados quando era encontrado padrão escleroderma. RESULTADOS: A média de idade de início dos sintomas dos 34 pacientes foi de 6,5 anos, e o tempo até o diagnóstico foi de 1,2 anos. Setenta por cento eram meninas. Metade dos pacientes teve curso monocíclico da doença, e apenas 14,7% tiveram vasculite grave. Quase 90% dos pacientes que realizaram CPU tiveram alteração na primeira avaliação, e 74% tiveram alteração na segunda avaliação, com uma média de 1,6 anos entre as duas. Dezesseis (47,1%) pacientes apresentaram calcinose. Não houve associação entre as variáveis analisadas e o desenvolvimento da calcinose. CONCLUSÃO: Não conseguimos demonstrar a presença de fatores de risco para calcinose, apesar de termos encontrado uma frequência dessa complicação em cerca de metade dos pacientes com dermatomiosite juvenil.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of calcinosis in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis, and the possible risk factors for that manifestation. METHODS: Medical record review of 34 patients, with an emphasis on the following characteristics: demographic, clinical and laboratory data; type of treatment; adherence to treatment; disease course (monocyclic, chronic and polycyclic); and disease severity. Patients were divided into two groups as follows: those who developed calcinosis (up to the sixth month of follow-up and after six months of follow-up) and those who did not develop calcinosis. Twentyseven patients underwent two nailfold capillaroscopies (NFC), which were considered altered when the scleroderma pattern was found. RESULTS: The mean age of symptom onset of the 34 patients was 6.5 years, the time until diagnosis was 1.2 years, and 70% were females. Half of the patients had a monocyclic disease course, and only 14.7% had severe vasculitis. Almost 90% of the patients undergoing NFC showed a change on the first assessment, 74% showed a change on the second assessment, and the mean interval between both assessments was 1.6 year. Calcinosis was evidenced in 16 (47.1%) patients. No association was observed between the variables analyzed and the development of calcinosis. CONCLUSION: No risk factors for calcinosis were identified in this study, although that complication was found in half of the patients with juvenile dermatomyositis studied.

Microscopic analysis of opacification in Ioflex® hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses / Análise microscópica da opacificação de lentes intraoculares acrílicas hidrofílicas Ioflex®

Five cases of intraocular lens (IOL) opacification in patients implanted with the Mediphacos Ioflex® IOL are described. Clinical data in each case was obtained from the patient's medical record. The five explanted IOLs underwent gross and light microscopic analysis. Selected lenses were processed for further evaluation and multiple sagittal cuts were stained with the alizarin red and von Kossa methods. Light microscope analysis confirmed the presence of deposits on and within the lens, which stained positive for calcium. The reason why calcification has occurred in these cases remains unclear, but surgeons should be aware of this potential late postoperative complication.

Cinco casos de opacificação de lente intraocular (LIO) em pacientes implantados com a LIO Ioflex® da Mediphacos são descritos. Os dados clínicos dos pacientes foram obtidos a partir dos prontuários médicos. As cinco LIOs explantadas foram enviadas para análise macroscópica e sob microscopia óptica. Algumas lentes foram processadas para análise adicional e múltiplos cortes sagitais foram corados pelos métodos de vermelho de alizarina e von Kossa. A análise sob microscopia óptica confirmou a presença de depósitos na superfície e no corpo da lente, que coraram positivamente para cálcio. A razão pela qual a calcificação ocorreu nestes casos permanece obscura. Entretanto, cirurgiões devem estar atentos para esta potencial complicação tardia.

Splenogonadal fusion and testicular cancer: case report and review of the literature / Fusão esplenogonadal e câncer testicular: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

A 36 year-old man after tests for assessing male infertility was diagnosed with primary infertility, bilateral cryptorchidism, nonobstructive azoospermia and discontinuous splenogonadal fusion. Carcinoma in situ was found in his left testicle, which was intraabdominal and associated with splenogonadal fusion. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of splenogonadal fusion associated with testicular cancer reported. One should always bear in mind the possibility of this association for the left cryptorchid testicle.

Um homem de 36 anos, depois de ser submetido a exames para avaliação de infertilidade masculina, foi diagnosticado com infertilidade masculina primária, criptorquidia bilateral, azoospermia não obstrutiva e fusão esplenogonadal descontínua. Carcinoma in situ estava presente no testículo esquerdo, que tinha localização intra-abdominal e estava associado à fusão esplenogonadal. Esse é o quarto caso de fusão esplenogonadal associada a câncer testicular, segundo nossa avaliação. Deve-se sempre ter em mente a possibilidade dessa associação em testículos criptorquídicos à esquerda.